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`Array.prototype.shift` removes the first element from an array and returns that element. It modifies the original array and shifts all subsequent elements down by one. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const first = arr.shift();
console.log(first); // 1
console.log(arr); // [2, 3]

`String.prototype.trim` removes whitespace from both ends of a string, but does not affect whitespace in the middle of the string. 

const str = '  hello  ';
const trimmed = str.trim();
console.log(trimmed); // 'hello'

`Array.prototype.pop` removes the last element from an array and returns that element. It modifies the original array. 

const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const last = arr.pop();
console.log(last); // 3
console.log(arr); // [1, 2]